Сучасні підходи до систематизації методів економічної діагностики

Abstract

UA: У статті розглянуто позиції різних науковців щодо формування методів економічної діагностики. Спираючись на сучасні здобутки економічної науки обґрунтовано класифікацію методів економічної діагностики за низкою істотних і незалежних ознак. Автором аргументовано, що економічна діагностика передбачає класифікацію можливих відхилень основних параметрів явищ, що досліджуються; їхніх проявів, процедури збору та обробки необхідного інформаційного масиву. EN: Opinions of different researchers concerning the separation of methods of economic diagnostics of enterprise activity are considered in this article. Based on these opinions the classification of methods of enterprise diagnostics for a number of essential and independent features is composed. It is grounded that the diagnostics envisages the classification of possible deviations of basic parameters of studied phenomena, their manifestations and procedure of collecting and processing of diagnostic information. In general diagnostic researches usually assume the comparing of the state of the selected object with some norm or standard in order to identify the presence of deviations and to determine the nature of them. It is noted that the defining of symptoms or difficulties as well as recognizing of available possibilities is the central question in diagnosing of complicated problem. The identification of symptoms helps to determine the problem in general. It also contributes reducing the number of factors that should be considered in management process. Internal and external information about the object should be gathered and analyzed to identify the causes of the problem. Such information can be collected with the help of formal methods of market analysis, financial statements analysis, interviews and invitations of management consultants or survey of workers. It is possible to collect information informally. During the observations it is important to see the distinction between the relevant (pertinent) and irrelevant information and to know how to separate one from another. It is necessary to assess accurately the real need of choosing this form of research comparing it with the complexity and the scale of the object of diagnostics. Diagnosis is based on the comparison. In order to establish deviations from norms it is necessary to compare a set of parameters (qualitative and quantitative characteristics), which are a basis of comparison, with a similar factual parameters. The analysis reveals general patterns and pathologies of the development. Diagnostics uses various methods: analytic, expert, linear and dynamic programming, mathematic models. The possibility of usage of various diagnostic methods allows to obtain a complex of fundamentally new set of data about the diagnosed object, phenomenon or process and to draw appropriate conclusions about object’s economic and social development. RU: В статье рассмотрены позиции разных ученых относительно формирования методов экономической диагностики. Опираясь на современные достижения экономической науки, обосновано классификацию методов экономической диагностики по ряду существенных и независимых признаков. Автором аргументировано, что экономическая диагностика предусматривает классификацию возможных отклонений основных параметров исследуемых явлений; их проявлений, процедуры сбора и обработки необходимого информационного массива.